Well, there's those mysterious "affirmative markers" for a start.
Or perhaps, I should say , optional affirmative markers.
The lovely, if a trifle redundant, fe & mi.
Or perhaps, I should say, fe° and mi° ...
Only used in speech.
Only with "verbs with endings"
Never with negatives or questions .
That's where the "affirmative" bit comes from.
Northerners tend to use mi° [ Mnemonic ... im° from oop North ]
Southerners prefer fe° [Mnemonic ... ef°fing bloody Southerners ]
All they really do is ...
They remind you that what's coming up isn't a negative or a question.
You wouldn't use them with " I'm not a collector of bandstands." [NEG]
Nor would you use them with " Can I burn this bandstand down ! " [?]
BUT ..they do show whether it's a Northerly or Southerly person talking. Mostly.
Here's a few examples of them in action......
"Fe fydd e'n croen dy drwyn di i ffwrdd !"
" Mi gawn ni uffern o job mynd i mewn i'w dŷ o.
"Fe geisiais i ei ladd e ond dihangodd e "
" Mi allwn i wneud hynny."
" Fe gewch chi eistedd ar fy nghefn i."
" Mi fuoch chi'n hir iawn."
" Fe eistedda i ar weiars y ffôn a gwylio."
" Mi faswn i'n rhoi rhwbath (sic) am gal dillad crand ..."
"Fe gaf i wared ar y chwerthin twp 'na o'ch pigau chi !"
" Mi gaiff o ddydd Llun."
On top of that, there's Southern and Northern words for saying the same thing ... here's a few for your perusal ... ( I keep my perusal in the kitchen cupboard)
SOUTH NORTH
come dod dŵad
COME ! dere tyrd
girl merch geneth
go cer dos
grandfather tad-cu taid
grandmother mam-gu nain
he/him e/fe o'fo
key allwedd agoriad
milk llaeth llefrith
money arian pres
now nawr rŵan
out mas allan
table bord bwrdd
understand deall dallt
up lan i fyny
you ti chd
I've got other lists of them but I can't find them .... more on all this eventually.
And now , music time. I've been trying to find bands/people that have lots of those words videos I've been rumbling on about .... and Gwyneth Glyn seems to have billions of them ....so here's one ..